Potential Vascular Mechanisms of Ramipril Induced Increases in Walking Ability in Patients With Intermittent Claudication

Rationale:We recently reported that ramipril more than doubled maximum walking times in patients with peripheral artery disease with intermittent claudication. Objective:Our aim was to conduct exploratory analyses of the effects of ramipril therapy on circulating biomarkers of angiogenesis/arteriogenesis, thrombosis, inflammation, and leukocyte adhesion in patients with intermittent claudication. Methods and Results:One hundred sixty-five patients with intermittent claudication (mean, 65.3 [SD, 6.7] years) were administered ramipril 10 mg per day (n=82) or matching placebo (n=83) for 24 weeks in a randomized, double-blind study. Plasma biomarkers of angiogenesis/arteriogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor-A, fibroblast growth factor-2), thrombosis (D-dimer, von Willebrand factor, thrombin-antithrombin III), inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, osteopontin), and leukocyte adhesion (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1) were measured at ba...