The use of a star-shaped trifunctional acyl chloride for the preparation of polyamide thin film composite membranes

Abstract A star-shaped trifunctional acyl chloride bearing ether linkages was synthesized as an alternative to the commonly used trimesoyl chloride (TMC) in the preparation of polyamide thin film composite membranes (TFC). Although this star-shaped acyl chloride has the same functionality as TMC, it is larger in size and its acyl chloride groups are less reactive due to the electron donating ether linkages. In this work, we prepared TFC membranes by the interfacial polymerization of both this star-shaped acyl chloride and TMC with either one of the two structural isomers: m -phenylenediamine (MPD) or p -phenylenediamine (PPD). No strong effect was observed of the substitution pattern of the aromatic diamine on the membrane formation with TMC, due to the high reactivity of the acyl chloride groups of TMC. In contrast, the use of this star-shaped acyl chloride results in significant differences in the properties of the formed TFC membrane depending on the use of MPD or PPD. Where TMC-MPD membranes are well-known for their excellent retention, we could not obtain defect-free membranes prepared from MPD and this star-shaped triacyl chloride ( R rose bengal 77 % ). The use of PPD instead of MPD, however, did result in defect-free membranes ( R rose bengal > 97 % ) with an acceptable clean water permeance (2.5 L m −2 h −1 bar −1 ).