The Oldest Old

Abstract Thus far the literature has failed to distinguish adequately between caregiving and social support. Since caregiving is generally conceptualized as burdensome and social support as positive this distinction is especially critical for many of the oldest old who are likely to have a need for help, but the help needed could be delivered in the context of social support. Caregiving implies dependence but social support implies interdependence. Interdependence permits the elder self-determination allowing her/him to remain in charge of her/his own life. A careful examination of the needs and resources of the oldest old indicates that they are at high risk for anxious adult children assuming premature caregiving roles. Intervention strategies should aim to prevent caregiving by encouraging families to strengthen social support networks in general and helping networks in particular. This would promote interdependence. Community supports should be designed to enhance and supplement helping networks.