ALTERNATIEVEN ONDER SCHOT. Een vergelijking tussen bismut, ijzer, zink en lood bij jacht en sportvisserij
1993
This report evaluates lead and alternatives for this metal in hunting,
shooting-sports and sport fishing. In the Netherlands the use of lead
shot has been banned by the government since February 1 1993.
Alternatives are bismuth, iron (steel), zinc and wolfram shot, now for
sale in the Netherlands. The report includes data on physicochemical and
shooting properties of the shot, world supplies, behaviour in the
environment and future emissions. The effect on levels in soil
(estimates of the increase in background levels), human toxicity
(including tolerable daily intakes) and ecotoxicity (including maximum
tolerable concentrations). Although wolfram shot is available, its
future use of shot will be very limited because of the high price
(compared to bismuth, iron and zinc shot) and the poor shooting
properties. Therefore no further research has been done on this metal.
On basis of the environmental treated aspects (risk to human beings and
the environment), management of natural resources and the calculated
yearly increase of the soil load in comparison with the background
concentration the use of iron in shot was found highly preferable as well
for shot as for hunting, shooting-sports as for sport fishing. Of the
other two alternatives, the use of zinc in shot is preferable to
bismuth.
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