Rapid random optical reconstruction imaging system and method based on sparse constraint

The invention provides a rapid random optical reconstruction imaging system based on sparse constraint and a rapid random optical reconstruction imaging method based on sparse constraint. The system at least comprises an excitation light source module for generating polychromatic excitation light, a fiber coupling and full inner reflection module which receives the polychromatic excitation light and then forms collimating excitation light, an integration module which carries out imaging, scanning, space modulation and detection on the collimating excitation light, a time sequence motor control module which controls the excitation light source module, the fiber coupling and full inner reflection module and the integration module, and an imaging collection and analysis software package which detects collected data and carries out random reconstructed image processing and compression perception processing. According to the system and the method, the incoherence of a measurement domain and an image domain is perfectly satisfied, and the sparse constraint technology can play a maximum effect. While a nanometer level imaging resolution is achieved, the magnitude order of an existing super-resolution imaging speed is raised. In the condition of maintaining an original imaging speed, the spatial resolution is greatly improved.