Simulation of Genetic Diversity Variation in Domestic Animal Population Under Conservation

【Objective】The changes of genetic diversity of domestic animals' genetic resources were studied by using computer simulation based on the characteristics of microsatellite markers.【Method】Thirty mark loci were chosen and they are equally distributed in the whole genome,and each locus has 4-10 alleles,no interactions between these loci.Computer simulation was based on the assumption that there was no gene mutation,selection ratio of male and female is 1﹕5 and random mating was implemented in all generations,the generation was non-overlapping and the number of breeding animals was selected through mating by family in equality,effective population size(Ne) were 10,20,50,100 and 200.The simulation experiment was carried out for 50 generations and 1000 repeats.The number of polymorphic loci(Num-p),allele number(Na),number of effective alleles(Ae),observed heterozygosity(Ho),expected heterozygosity(He),number of rare alleles(RA),number of non-rich polymorphic loci(NRP) were indicators as genetic diversity.【Result】The overall trend of genetic diversity of conservation populations was decreased over generations,and differences were significant as Ne changed.It was seen that larger values of Ne,the more slower descent rate of num-p,Na,Ae,Ho,He,and RA compared with the base population,and num-p basically maintained at 30,RA decreased by 0.86% and 2.49 times as Ne were 100 and 200.Moreover larger,the values of Ne,the slower increase rate of NRP.【Conclusion】 Decreases in effective population size that occur at a closed population level will increase gene drift and reduce genetic diversity within conservation population.