From Tumor Microenvironment Communicants to Biomarker Discovery: Selectively Packaged Extracellular Vesicular Cargoes in Pancreatic Cancer

Abstract Virtually all cells release various types of vesicles into the extracellular environment. These extracellular vesicles (EVs) transport molecular cargoes, performing as communicants for information exchange both within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and to distant organs. Thus, understanding the selective packaging of EV cargoes and the mechanistic impact of those cargoes - including metabolites, lipids, proteins, and/or nucleic acids - offers an opportunity to increase our knowledge of cancer biology and identify EV cargoes that might serve as cancer biomarkers in blood, saliva, or urine samples. In this review, we collect and organize recent advances in this field with an emphasis on pancreatic cancer (pancreatic adenocarcinoma, PDAC) and the concept that cells selectively package cargo into EVs. These studies demonstrate PDAC EV cargoe signals to reprogram and remodel the TME and impact distant organs. EV cargoes identified as potential PDAC diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are summarized.