Menopause and the skin

SUMMARY Women live one-third of their lives in the post-menopausal state. Significant hormonal alterations occur at the time of menopause, leading to a range of physiological disorders affecting multiple organ systems in the body. The effects of menopause on the skin have been underresearched. Many skin changes occur at the time of menopause and the cutaneous effects of hormone replacement therapy are significant. Menopausal changes in hormones may alter the biomechanical properties of the skin and certain disorders are more common in menopausal women, such as lichen sclerosus, atrophic vulvovaginitis, flushing and dysaesthetic vulvodynia. Hair and oral changes may also be associated. As the average life expectancy increases, dermatologists need to be familiar with skin diseases affecting women in this age group.