Toxoplasmosis as an early complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

Abstract Among 419 consecutive allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, we observed 17 (4.0%) cases of toxoplasmosis at a median time of day 45 (6-322) after transplant. Seven of these 17 cases occurred before day 30 after transplant. Because of the lack of PCR screening and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis before engraftment, the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was late and five of these seven patients died. Analyzing these cases, early Toxoplasma blood PCR screening, starting from transplant, is crucial.