Influence of perioperative factors on outcomes in children younger than 18 months after repair of tetralogy of Fallot

Abstract Background . There has been a trend toward advocating earlier repair of tetralogy of Fallot and avoiding palliative procedures. The impact of this trend on perioperative outcomes has not been adequately documented. Methods . Data from consecutive patients undergoing repair of tetralogy of Fallot at less than 18 months of age from May 1987 to September 1994 were reviewed. Independent factors associated with duration of stay in the intensive care unit were sought. Results . Repair was performed in 89 infants at a median age of 13 months (range, 15 days to 18 months). A systemic–pulmonary artery shunt was present in 24% of patients. Mean duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was 119 ± 37 minutes; 63% of patients received a transannular patch. There were six deaths (7%), all occurring less than 48 hours after repair. The median duration of stay in the intensive care unit was 5 days (range, 1 day to 8 months). Significant independent factors associated with increasing length of intensive care unit stay included younger age at repair, previous shunt, malformation syndrome, increased total dose and number of inotropic agents used, and respiratory complications. Hemodynamic variables serially recorded in the first 48 hours after repair were independently associated with death or prolonged (>7 days) duration of stay. Conclusions . Although outcomes after repair of tetralogy of Fallot in infants are good, both younger age at repair and previous palliative procedures were associated with longer duration of stay in the intensive care unit.