Thin-Film Thermophoresis in Photoninc Band Gap Fibers for Sub-nanoMolar Raman Sensing Sensitivity

We present sub-nanomolar Raman detection of nanoparticles, without SERS, enabled by thin-film thermophoreis via photonic bandgap confinement. We achieve sensitivity-of- detection at 0.240 nM, an enhancement of over 8 orders of magnitude.