Cremastra malipoensis (Orchidaceae), a New Species from Yunnan, China

Cremastra malipoensis G. W. Hu, a new rare species of Orchidaceae, is described and illustrated, and a taxonomic key to the species of the genus is provided. It occurs in southeastern Yunnan, China, near the border of Vietnam. It is most similar to C. appendiculata, but its inflorescences have fewer flowers (only 4-7), its flowers are positioned horizontally and become slightly pendulous, the lateral lobes of the lip are geniculate and twisted 900 at the base, and the mid-lobe of the lip is somewhat reflexed, rhombic to broadly ovoid, and 9-10 x 8-9 mm. The new species is known only from a single population and categorized under the ICUN criteria as critically endangered. Formal recognition is required for protecting this species, which grows sympatrically with more common species that are harvested as medicinal herbs.