Immobilized Enzymes-Based Biosensing Cues for Strengthening Biocatalysis and Biorecognition

The versatility of immobilized enzyme systems enables rapid recovery of both product and enzyme, numerous re-uses of enzymes, continuous enzymatic processes, quick reaction termination, and a wider range of bioreactor designs. Immobilized enzymes have been the topic of significant research because of their remarkable functional characteristics such as optimal nature, reusability, and cost-effectiveness. In addition to industrial operations, enzyme immobilization technology is also utilized as component technology in the food industry, biomaterial detection, medical diagnostics, bioenergy, and therapeutics. To demonstrate its important uses, several sorts of biosensors, such as enzyme-based biosensors, enzyme-based thermistors, electrochemical biosensors, optical biosensors, DNA biosensors, immunosensors, magnetic biosensors, and thermal biosensors have been debated here. A flexible and highly functioning enzyme is utilized for analyte identification by oxidizing enzymes such as peroxidases and polyphenol oxidize such as laccases and tyrosinases. These enzymes are therefore regarded as appealing and intriguing compounds for biosensors. New systems of reliable biosensor interfaces have gathered considerable interest in recent years. This study highlights key prospects, the newest technologies and materials utilized to build robust biosensor interfaces. These materials include polymers, nanomaterials and their composites i.e. nanocomposites were used for the designation of biosensors. This review studies recent advances in stability interface solutions for biosensors, which may give researchers some references and novel approaches to further investigate new materials and methodologies in biomedical applications.