Efficiency and usability of silicone surfactants in emulsions.

1990 
Synopsis The critical micelle contration (CMC) of silicone surfactants was determined to provide their optimal efficiency in emulsion systems. The lowest CMC value was found for the amphionic polysiloxane polyorganobetaine copolymer, which is undoubtedly the consequence of electrostatic repulsion preventing the aggregation of ionized molecules. Also the nonionic surfactants (polydimethyl siloxane polyethers) showed some differences: the surfactant with polyethylene oxide side chain is more effective compared to the polyethylene-polypropylene oxide side chain. The results of miscibility testing of silicone surfactants with common components of emulsions and creams confirm that not only silicone oils, but also silicone surfactants, should be considered as both explicitly hydrophobic and non lipophilic. The stability of emulsions containing silicone surfactants prepared by cold emulsification supported the incorporation of polyelectrolyte sodium carboxymethylcellulose, which increased viscosity of the continuous phase and prevented coalescence. The physical stability testing of prepared emulsions confirms that the used methods - centrifugation, particle size analysis and the observation of ageing at room (20–25°C) and elevated temperature (40°C) - give comparable results. Resume L'efficacite et usabilite des silicone-surfactants dans les emulsions En tendant de nous assurer l'efficacite optimale des systemes emulsiques nous avons determine la mycelarconcentration critique des emulgateurs siliconiques (CMC). La valeur CMC minime d'un emulgateur amphionique (copolymer polysiloxan-polyorganobetain) est indubitablement la consequence de la charge, c'est de la repulsion electrostatique: de cette maniere l'aggregation des molecules ionisees est empěchee. Pour emulgateurs non ionises (copolymers polydimethylsiloxan-polyether) les differences sont determinees aussi: un emulgateur avec une chaine laterale polyethylenoxydique est plus efficace de l'emulgateur avec une chaine laterale polyethylenoxydique et propylenoxydique commune. Les resultats de l'incorporation des emulgateurs siliconiques dans les ingredients des emulsions et cremes les plus frequentes confirment le caractere hydrophobique typique - mais pas du tout lipophylique - des emulgateurs siliconoques - comme des huiles siliconiques aussi. En ajoutant de la carboxymethylcellulose de soude la stabilite des emulsions, preparees a froid avec les surfactants siliconiques la coalescence a ete renforcee. Les resultats obtenus avec les methodes determinant la stabilite physique des emulsions prepareescentrifugation, determination de la grandeur des gouttes et le controle de viellissement a la temperature de chambre (20–25°C) et superieure (40°C) - sont entre eux en bon accord.
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