Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in dogs and small mammals in Nuevo León, Mexico

Abstract Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi , is an important public health concern in areas extending from South America northward into the southern United States of America. Although this hemoflagellate has many wild and domestic mammalians reported as reservoir hosts, studies on this subject are scarce in Nuevo Leon state, a region located in northeastern Mexico. This cross-sectional study showed that the general prevalence of T. cruzi infection in Nuevo Leon state was 14.5% (35/241), this percentage matching the ones determined by PCR and traditional diagnostics. Localities and infected mammals did not significantly differ ( χ 2  = 6.098, p  = 0.192); however the number of infected animals was highly correlated with mammalian species ( p  = 0.009). Striped skunks ( Mephitis mephitis ) were found to be the most infected overall (11/34, 32.3%), while dogs ( Canis familiaris ) had the lowest prevalence. In conclusion, although the prevalence of T. cruzi infection in small mammals was lower in Nuevo Leon than in other states of Mexico, our results provide new locality records, including striped skunks, opossums ( Didelphis marsupialis ) and dogs, and extend the recorded area to woodrats ( Neotoma micropus ).