Pitfalls and clinical recommendations for the primary lumbar hernia based on a systematic review of the literature

Purpose The lumbar abdominal wall hernia is a rare hernia in which abdominal contents protrude through a defect in the dorsal abdominal wall, which can be of iatrogenic, congenital, or traumatic origin. Two anatomical locations are known: the superior and the inferior lumbar triangle. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a clear overview of the existing literature and make practical clinical recommendations for proper diagnosis and treatment of the primary lumbar hernia.