Insomnia disorder and its reciprocal relation with psychopathology.

Sleep is crucial for daytime functioning. In populations with psychiatric conditions, many people suffer from insomnia symptoms or an insomnia disorder. Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between insomnia and various psychopathologies, implying that insomnia not only may be a consequence of mental disorders but also may contribute to new development, symptom severity, and reoccurrence of diverse mental disorders. Research on potential mechanisms underlying the insomnia psychopathology association is important, both from the preventive and treatment perspective. Most hypotheses concern the influence of insomnia on emotion regulation and on shared pathophysiological pathways, ranging from gut microbiome composition to genetic and specific neurotransmitter system aberrations.