Ribonucleotide base-modifying enzymes and diseases

Abstract The epitranscriptome is a posttranscriptional base modification of RNAs. More than 140 types of RNA base modification have been elucidated so far. The base modifications control RNA functions by contributing to the construction of RNA three-dimensional structures. In recent years, it has emerged that several RNA base-modifying enzymes are involved in the onset, progression, and malignant transformation of diseases through the involvement of epitranscriptomic mechanisms. This review article discusses the relationship between epitranscriptomics and disease so that knowledge of epitranscriptome can be applied for use in diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches.