Utilização de plaquetas e de produtos derivados de plaquetas humanas em terapias avançadas

Introduction: Platelets have a central role in the tissue response to injury, in hemostasis and clot formation. They also release rapidly and in orchestrated order bioactive molecules, important for angiogenesis and for tissue regeneration. Non-transfusional clinical use of platelet-derived products, such as Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP), is based on their ability to maximize cellular regeneration in lesions that have repair difficulties. Objectives: This review addresses the characteristics and the potential clinical use of platelets and their derivatives and discusses the legislative framework of their use in the Brazilian context. Method: The databases of PubMed, Brazilian Virtual Health Library, electronic pages of Anvisa and the Brazilian Ministry of Health were consulted between September 2017 and January 2018. Results: PRP is a platelet-derived product that cannot be chemically defined, and its proposed clinical uses are not orthologous applications. Conclusions: We can thus consider that the applications of PRP are Advanced Cell Therapies. Therefore, it is mandatory to standardize protocols and establish quality control criteria - such as traceability, efficacy and pharmacovigilance - so that their use can be properly controlled by the competent regulatory organs, guaranteeing safety in their use.