Veterinary antibiotics influence trigonelline biosynthesis and plant growth in Arachis hypogaea L.

ABSTRACTAntibiotics from various sources such as livestock waste are being accumulated in the soil. The excessive uptake of antimicrobial agents by plants has been a major concern as it is currently unknown how plants respond to the presence of antibiotics in agricultural lands. The objectives were to analyze the alteration of trigonelline (TRG) biosynthesized by plants in response to various antibiotic stresses and to evaluate the ability of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants to resist the deleterious impacts of antibiotic uptake. Three veterinary antibiotics used in this study were tetracycline, streptomycin sulfate, and chloramphenicol in the concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mg L−1. Mean TRG amounts were 53.4 ± 1.6 and 59.9 ± 1.1 μg·g−1 dry weight (DW) in Spanish as treated with growth chloramphenicol and streptomycin at 2.5 mg·L−1, respectively, and were significantly (p ≤ .05) different compared to the control (40.4 ± 1.6 μg·g−1 DW) of Spanish. Spanish genotype treated with chloramphenicol at 5 mg·L−1 ha...