The Network Effects of Railway Investments

This paper describes how network effects occur when a change at one place in the railway network results in changes elsewhere in the network, and they may be far away from the original change. Railway investments have network effects, and therefore, this paper describes the network effects and how these network effects can be examined by queuing time. This paper gives examples of network effects and describes the importance of the size of the analysis area and the connections between trains in the railway network.