Measurement of the runaway electrons in the HT-7 tokamak

A thermographic camera and four hard x-ray detectors have been developed to measure the runaway electrons in the HT-7 tokamak. The synchrotron radiation originated from the runaway electrons was measured by an infrared (IR) camera working in the wavelength ranges of 7.5–13μm. With a tangential viewing into the plasma in the direction of the electron approach on the equatorial plane, the synchrotron radiation from the runaway electrons was measured in a full poloidal cross section. Three NaI scintillators are used to monitor the hard x-ray radiation (HXR) in the energy ranges of 0.5–7MeV, and a CdTe detector is used to monitor the low-energy HXR in the energy ranges of 0.3–1.2MeV. The combination of infrared camera and hard x-ray detectors provides a powerful tool to investigate the runaway electron dynamics in HT-7. Runaways in the core and edge regions are monitored simultaneously. The parameters of runaway beam in the core are deduced from the IR pictures. The interaction of runway electrons with toroid...