Leaf position prevails over plant age and leaf age in reflecting resistance to late blight in potato

Visker, M. H. P. W., Keizer, L. C. P., Budding, D. J., Van Loon, L. C., Colon, L. T., and Struik, P. C. 2003. Leaf position prevails over plant age and leaf age in reflecting resistance to late blight in potato. Phytopathology 93:666-674. The effects of plant age, leaf age, and leaf position on race-nonspecific resistance against Phytophthora infestans were investigated in a series of field and controlled environment experiments with five different potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars. Leaf position proved to be the most significant factor; apical leaves were far more resistant to late blight than basal leaves. Plant age and leaf age had only minor effects; therefore, the resistance of a specific leaf remained about the same during its entire lifetime. The gradual increase in late blight resistance from basal leaves to apical leaves appeared to be a general effect, irrespective of cultivar, growing conditions, or resistance test. Therefore, it is important to consider leaf position in tests for late blight resistance, because contrasts in resistance may be ascribed erroneously to differences between genotypes or treatments, whereas they are actually caused by differences in leaf position.