Analysis of clinicopathological characteristics and changing trend of 77 978 cases of colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer detected by colonoscopy in the past 27 years

Objective To explore the detection rate of colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer under colonoscopy, and their clinicopathological characteristics and changing trend. Methods From January 1, 1991 to December 31, 2017, at Guangzhou First People′s Hospital, the colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer diagnosed by colonoscopy were collected. The gender, age, location of colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer and pathological type were retrospectively analyzed. Chi-square test was performed for statistical analysis. Results Among 77 978 patients underwent routine colonoscope examination, male and female accounted for 50.18% (39 132/77 978) and 49.82% (38 846/77 978), respectively; and the age was (52.8±15.7) years. A total of 23 240 patients with colorectal polyps were detected, and the total detection rate was 29.80%. The detection rate of colorectal polyps of male patients was higher than that of female patients (35.11%, 13 741/39 132 vs. 24.45%, 9 499/38 846), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=1 059.16, P 0.05); while moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma increased, however, the highly and poorly differentiated type decreased (χ2=249.27, P 0.05). Conclusions The detection rate of colorectal polyps increased in the past 27 years, while colorectal cancer decreased. The elderly men are susceptible populations. The most common location of colorectal polyps and cancer are left colon, which should be carefully examined during colonoscope examination. Key words: Colorectal neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Pathology; Colorectal polyps