Resolution of a Chikungunya Outbreak in a Prospective Cohort, Cebu, Philippines, 2012-2014.

To the Editor: Chikungunya is a reemerging, mosquitoborne infectious disease caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Its classic manifestations include fever and joint inflammation, which can develop into chronic joint disease. Infections in immunocompromised persons can lead to severe organ involvement and death. Chikungunya outbreaks appear to occur in 2 patterns: 1) spatially and temporally restricted outbreaks in endemic areas (1,2); and 2) large epidemics that occur periodically every 40–50 years affecting multiple geographic areas (3). The mechanisms associated with the initiation of these large outbreaks are not well understood. An A226V amino acid substitution in the virus envelope, which enhances replication in Aedes albopictus, a mosquito vector for CHIKV, and expansion of vectors into areas with previously immunologically naive populations are thought to be responsible for some recent epidemics (4). In chikungunya-endemic areas, environmental factors such as changes in rainfall and vector densities have been implicated in smaller scale outbreaks. The mechanisms underlying outbreak resolution are not well understood. Herd immunity afforded by exposed persons might play an important role in preventing ongoing virus transmission. Reported seroprevalence rates in affected areas have ranged from 10% to ≈40% after an outbreak (5–7).