Postoperative ileus in GI surgical patients: pathogenesis and interventions

Postoperative ileus is a common complication following surgery that causes signifcant discomfort and pain to the patient, while increasing hospital costs and length of stay. The development of postoperative ileus is multifactorial, infuenced by the autonomic nervous system, enteric nervous system, hormones and neuropeptides, infammation, anaesthesia, and narcotics. The multitude of factors involved in postoperative ileus necessitates a holistic approach to care. A combination of pharmacological agents, surgical techniques and postoperative nursing care can quicken the return of normal gastrointestinal motility. In this article, Caroline Lafon and Dr Lauren Lawson discuss the clinical course, the traditional treatment approaches, and current evidence-based research in the care of postoperative ileus.