Role of biofertilizers and biopesticides in organic farming

Abstract The injudicious use of agrochemicals (pesticides and fertilizers) has changed the soil properties (physical, chemical and biological), leading to the reduction in the native beneficial microorganisms in rhizosphere and stagnation/reduction in crop yields with grave implications on the ecosystem, human health and ground water. Looking to problem, organic farming is getting priority worldwide with the objective of safe, healthy and residue free food and long-term sustainability. To minimize the harmful effect of indiscriminate use of pesticides, chemical fertilizers (agrochemicals) and other associated environmental problems to it, enhances the application of biofertilizers and biopesticides in organic farming. Biofertilizers and biopesticides have appeared as a potential eco-friendly inputs that are supplement for crop development and plant protection in organic farming. They are an alternative of agrochemicals (Chemical fertilizers and pesticides) to improve soil fertility and control various insect, pests and disease in almost all agricultural crops. They can be used in integrated nutrient and pest management techniques. They are the living organisms that can colonize roots, increased root branching, root number and enhanced growth through direct and indirect mechanisms like phytohormones, siderophores, HCN, nitrogen fixation and macro and micronutrients solubilization mechanisms. Various microbial formulations are used to enhance certain microbial process to increase the availability of nutrients in a form which can be assimilated by plant. Adequate use of Bio-inputs (biofertilizers, biopesticides, FYM, vermicompost, etc.) is a cost effective way to enhance soil health, crop yield along with manage balance environment. This chapter reviews about biofertilizers and biopesticides, their potential role in organic farming, challenges and strategies for promotion and commercialization of biofertilizer and biopesticides.