Imunoregulacijski mehanizmi tijekom trudnoće
2018
Pregnancy is a period which requires a suppression of mother’s immune system in the
uterus. This allows the fetus to implant itself and enables its unobstructed development. Some
of the changes in the immune system that enable this process consist of the establishment of
local immunotolerance of T cells, a reduction or loss of cytotoxicity in NK cells, a polarization
of macrophages after trophoblast invasion and a reduction in activating signaling molecules in
APCs. Besides the local immunotolerance, a global immunotolerance has been discovered,
which occurs due to tolerogenic T cells spreading throughout a pregnant woman’s body. This
tolerogenicity expansion leads to a reduction in the symptoms of autoimmune diseases not
connected to pregnancy, such as the Graves’ disease, however, it does not make the pregnant
woman susceptible to all infections, but only to certain pathogens such as Lysteria
monocytogenes. There is a host of factors that influence the behavior of decidual immune cells,
the key factor being mother’s diet, and in recent years, vaccination is thought to also have an
important role. Mother’s immune system regulates the development of the immune system of
the fetus and modulates the neonatal immune response during the pregnancy. IgG has a primary
role in these processes. It passes through the placenta and stays in the newborn’s body for six
months, which enables passive immunity. Another type of transfer of immune cells and other
soluble immune factors is carried out through mother’s milk, which is why breastfeeding is
recommended instead of using artificial milk substitutions.
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