Effects of maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy on the regulatory factors involved in growth and development in ovine fetal perirenal brown adipose tissue.

Objective The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy on the expressions of genes involved in growth and development in ovine fetal perirenal brown adipose tissue (BAT). Methods Eighteen ewes with singleton fetuses were allocated to three groups at day 90 of pregnancy: restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.33 MJ ME kg BW-0.75·d-1, n=6), restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.18 MJ ME kg BW-0.75·d-1, n=6), and a control group (CG, ad libitum, 0.67 MJ ME kg BW-0.75·d-1, n=6). The fetuses were removed at day 140 of pregnancy. All data were analyzed by using the analysis of variance procedure. Results The perirenal fat weight (P =0.0077) and perirenal fat growth rate (P =0.0074) were reduced in RG2 compared to CG. In fetal perirenal BAT, the protein level of UCP1 (P =0.0001) was lower in RG1 and RG2 compared with CG and UCP1 mRNA expression (P =0.0265) was decreased in RG2. The protein level of Myf5 was also decreased in RG2 (P =0.0001). In addition, mRNA expressions of CyclinA (P =0.0109), CyclinB (P =0.0019), CyclinD (P =0.0015), CDK1(P =0.0001), E2F1(P =0.0323), E2F4 (P =0.0101) and E2F5 (P =0.0018) were lower in RG1 and RG2. There were decreased protein expression of PPARγ (P =0.0043) and mRNA expression of C/EBPα (P =0.0307) in RG2 and decreased PPARγ mRNA expression (P =0.0008) and C/EBPα protein expression (P =0.0015) in both RG2 and RG1. Furthermore, mRNA expression of BMP4 (P =0.0083) and BMP7 (P =0.0330) decreased in RG2 and PGC-1α reduced in RG2 and RG1. Conclusion Our observations support that repression of regulatory factors promoting differentiation and development results in the inhibition of BAT maturation in fetal perirenal fat during late pregnancy with maternal undernutrition.