Predictive evaluation of quantitative spatial profiling of the tumor microenvironment by multiplex immunofluorescence in recurrent glioblastoma treated with PD-1 inhibitors.

e14524Background: PD-1 inhibitors have shown limited efficacy in glioblastoma (GBM) due to microenvironment immunosuppression and low tumor mutational burden. In GBM, PD-L1 expression is not a pred...