A General Physiological and Toxicokinetic (GPAT) Model for Simulating Complex Toluene Exposure Scenarios in Humans

Realistic simulation of environmental exposure scenarios requires dynamic methods in which exposures and human activities vary continuously as a function of time. Simulation of such complex scenarios is, with conventional physiologically based methods, a complex and programming-intensive task. The goal of the present effort was to simplify this task by combining a commercially available general whole-body human physiological model (QCP2004) with a slightly extended physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model from the literature. The QCP2004 model is a differential equation-based model similar to PBTK models except that normal organ function is simulated and the body organs are appropriately interlinked. Here QCP2004 provided estimates of physiological parameters required by the PBTK model. These were updated as the model was iteratively executed appropriate to the varying activity of the human subject. The combined general physiological model and the PBTK model was called a general physiological and ...