Testing apparatus and method for shield crossing liquefiable top and hard bottom stratum

The invention discloses a testing apparatus and method for a shield crossing a liquefiable top and hard bottom stratum; the testing apparatus comprises a transparent organic glass test tank, a shield semi-model device, a soil pressure monitor system, a water pressure monitor system and a particle image speed-measuring system; a model box holds test soil, and the test soil includes two strata; the side of the model box is provided with an opening serving as an access hole of the shield semi-model device; the shield semi-model device includes a semi-model shield housing, a shield ejection device, an excavating device and a soil discharge device. By using the testing apparatus and method, data of macroscopic soil pressure, displacement and pore water pressure can be acquired, movement data of particles and microscopic flow field can be acquired at microscopic level during a shield process, and the problem that the prior art fails to provide both macroscopic and microscopic movement data is effectively solved for the study on a shield crossing the liquefiable top and hard bottom stratum.