Microsurgical clipping versus advanced endovascular treatment of unruptured middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms following a "coil first" policy.

Abstract Objective Although intracranial aneurysms are increasingly treated endovascularly, microsurgical clipping has been the standard approach for middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms. We compared microsurgical clipping and state-of-the-art endovascular treatment of unruptured MCA bifurcation aneurysms treated at a neurovascular center following a “coil first” policy. Methods This single-center study included 148 patients treated for 160 unruptured MCA bifurcation aneurysms. Technical success, complications, clinical outcome, and angiographic results were retrospectively compared. Results Microsurgical clipping was performed for 120 MCA aneurysms (75%) and endovascular treatment for 40 (25%; conventional coiling: 8, stent-assisted coiling: 16, balloon-assisted coiling: 3, and flow-disruption: 13). Technical treatment success was higher in the clipping group (100%) than in the endovascular group (92.5%, p = 0.015). Overall, complications occurred in 16.7% for clipping and in 20.0% for endovascular treatment (p = 0.631). Major ischemic stroke rates were 7.5% in the clipping group and 4.2% in the endovascular group (p = 0.414). At six month, a favorable outcome was obtained by 99.2% after clipping and 95.0% after endovascular treatment (p = 0.154). The six-month complete aneurysm occlusion rates were by trend higher in the clipping group (89.2%) than in the endovascular group (75.9%, p = 0.078). Conclusion Microsurgical clipping was associated with a higher technical success rate and tendentially higher complete occlusion than endovascular treatment, with no additional morbidity and similar clinical outcome. Based on these results, clipping proves to be the standard treatment option for MCA aneurysms. However, endovascular treatment represents a safe and efficient alternative treatment option for patients.