МОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ПРЕДИКТОРИ РОЗВИТКУ ТРОМБОЗУ ВЕН ЗА УМОВ ОНКОПАТОЛОГІЇ

Nowadays pulmonary embolism is the second most common cause of death for cancer patients. The reason for this is activation of the blood coagulation system, depression of the coagulation system and fibrinolysis, decrease in the linear velocity of blood flow, phlebohypertension, as well as varicose reorganization of the vascular wall, its valves and endothelial cells. However, structural changes of veins as predictors of vein thrombosis in cancer patients are not sufficiently covered. At the same time, knowledge of these changes is important for understanding pathogenesis and prevention of thromboembolic complications. Objective: to find out the peculiarities of the restructuring of the structural components of the venous wall as a source of possible primary formation of intravascular thrombosis under conditions of oncogenic pathology. Material and methods. Histologic, submicroscopic and polarization data of the study of hind limb veins of 12 sexually mature non-linear rats - males weighing 170-180 g for 30 days of chronic neoplastic intoxication and vein fragments of 12 patients with colon cancer complicated by thrombosis were analyzed. Chronic neoplastic intoxication was simulated by subcutaneously injecting 7.2 mg / kg (based on the active substance) subcutaneously into the interscapular area once a week for 30 weeks, according to the weight of the animal at the rate of 0.1 ml of dimethylhydrazine hydrochloride solution (DMH). 10 grams of the body weight of rat 1,2-DMH (from SIGMA-ALDRICH CHEMIE, made in Japan, series D161802) pre-diluted with isotonic sodium chloride solution. Results and Discussion. Morphological studies of hind limb veins in experimental neoplastic intoxication mainly concerned submicroscopic reorganization of the endothelial cells and their desquamation, as well as platelet sweetening, which may be one of the links in pathogenesis of thrombus formation. Histological and electron microscopic examination of biopsy of the veins of patients with colon cancer found disorders of laminar intima, desquamation of endothelial cells, sclerosis of all membranes of the deep vein and neoplasm of vessels in the middle membrane. Patients with cancer are considred to have dystrophic-necrotic changes of skeletal muscle, which is one of the links in pathogenesis of hemodynamic disorders in the venous system of the lower extremities. Conclusions. The features of restructuring of the structural components of the venous wall, as a source of possible primary formation of intravascular thrombosis under conditions of oncogenic pathology include focal loss of integrity of the endothelial layer, endothelial dysfunction, sweetening of platelets, fibrotic remodeling of tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia, neovascularization of tunica media, dystrophic and sclerotic changes of the skeletal muscle.