La zadruga dans l’État indépendant de Croatie (1941-1945)

Cet article examine le destin politique des communautes paysannes (zadruga) a l’epoque de l’Etat independant de Croatie (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska – NDH, 1941-1945). Apres avoir rappele les considerations anterieures d’ideologues cles a ce sujet, l’auteur en mesure l’influence sur les adeptes du mouvement Oustachi. La creation de la NDH encouragea la poursuite du debat sur la liquidation de la question paysanne. Divers theoriciens sociaux privilegierent des formes hybrides d’organisation sociale, de corporatisme et de collectivisme. Les debats publics furent fortement influences par la domination des regimes totalitaristes allies a la NDH, a savoir l’Italie fasciste et l’Allemagne national-socialiste. Font l’objet d’un examen particulier Mile Budak, ecrivain celebre et l’un des plus hauts responsables du mouvement oustachi, ainsi que Milan Ivsic, professeur d’universite qui en 1944 projeta une loi de protection des foyers paysans necessiteux. This article examines the treatment of peasant communes (zadruge) in the period of the Independent State of Croatia (ISC, 1941-45). The author first highlighted some earlier views of key ideologues who influenced followers of the Ustasha movement. He also takes into account the reflections of various social theorists who favoured hybrid forms of social organization, corporatism, and collectivism. The establishment of the ISC encouraged the continuation of the debate over the regulation of internal peasant question. The predominance of totalitarian political systems that were allied to the ISC, namely fascist Italy and National Socialist Germany, had a strong influence on the public and professional debate. The author focused his analysis on the case of Mile Budak, a famous writer and one of the highest officials of the Ustasha movement, and his stance towards peasants, as well as university professor Milan Ivsic, who in 1944 created a plan of a Law for the protection of peasant homes from distress.