Influence of nanocrystalline cellulose extracted from different precursors on properties of polyurethane elastomer composites

Abstract Nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC) produced from waste paper by direct acid hydrolysis without any alkali or bleaching treatment was used to reinforce polyurethane elastomer (PU). By comparison, traditional cellulosic sources such as microcrystalline cellulose and waste cotton were also used to extract CNC and prepare polyurethane nanocomposites. The result showed that CNC extracted from waste paper had the largest aspect ratio, crystallinity and thermal stability. Three kinds of CNC all built interactions with polyurethane matrix through hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds. Amongst, polyurethane nanocomposites with CNC extracted from waste paper had the largest thermodynamic properties and stiffness. Briefly, CNC extracted from waste paper was comparable with CNC isolated from traditional cellulosic sources and could be used for stronger reinforcement of PU with lower cost. This work realized recycling of waste paper with a simple method and prepared a thermally resistant PU with low cost.