System and method for material processing by shaped light beams

The invention is suitable for the field of laser microprocessing, and provides a system and method for material curved-surface processing by shaped light beams. The system comprises a laser device, a spatial light modulator, a beam expanding mirror, a focusing mirror, a processing piece and a moving platform. The method comprises the following steps: light-beam shaping is performed on lasers emitted by the laser device by the spatial light modulator, and diffraction beams of which the energy meets a Gaussian distribution function are changed into diffraction-free beams transmitted along a curve; after the Gaussian light beams are focused, oval punctiform light spots are formed; the light spots formed after the diffraction-free beams transmitted along the curve are in a curve shape; coaxial beam expansion is performed on the shaped light beams by the beam expanding mirror; the shaped laser beams and the expanded laser beams enter the focusing mirror and focus on the processing piece; the moving platform drives the processing piece to move according a processing feature, so that the curved-surface processing is realized. According to the method, material processing is performed through light beam shaping. When a target surface is a curved surface, the curved surface can be formed one time by curved light spots without the utilization of layer-by-layer formation of 2.5D, so that the efficiency is greatly improved.