Pregled metoda ispitivanja materijala

Material testing is extremely important. It is important that the material is proper and satisfies all expected conditions. Today, a lot of different materials are in use, very important is to satisfies the required quality. Materials are not ideal, but it is important if there are errors, to find them, so testing is done to prevent failures and to improve the quality. Materials are testing by destructive (DT) and non-destructive methods (NDT). This final work describes these methods and their usage, advantages and disadvantages. The methods are chosen according to the type of the object being tested, the failures we are looking for or the equipment we have. Non - destructive testing methods (NDT) are applied in practice for various types of surface and subsurface errors, and do not damage the object. Non-destructive methods (NDT) are also called defectoscopy. The tests are performed by penetrating control (PK), ultrasonic test (UT), magnetic test (MT), visual test (VT) and radiographic test (RT). DT (Destructing Testing) methods have application for testing materials at different loads. The material is damaged by testing, so we need additional sample for test. Destructing tests are most appropriate and cost-effective for mass-produced products, as the cost of destroying a small number of samples is negligible. Usually it is not economical to do a destructing test when it is necessary to produce only one or very few products. The method is selected depending on the required properties of the tested material. The tests are performed by static tensile test, static pressure test, hardness test, impact test, bending test. The experimental part of this work describes the proving of the material by chemical analysis, and hardness testing by the Brinell method, and testing welded joint by penetrant control. The experimental part includes the preparation for the test, the test procedure, the detection of mistakes, analysis and conclusion.