Leiomyoma of the rectum. A diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma

Abstract A case is reported of leiomyoma of rectum, a rare tumor since it is detected in 2 of 3000 rectal tumors. It occurs principally in patients between 40 and 50 years. The tumor is submucosal, is difficult to diagnose and biopsy is often valueless since it does not involve the tumor mass. The interest of the present case is that trans-rectal ultrasound imaging of the leiomyoma was performed. Differential histologic diagnosis between benign and malignant forms is a dilemma, these tumors being of slow growth with a marked tendency for recurrence and malignant degeneration. Treatment should always be surgical, with local resection if histology has excluded malignancy, followed by periodic surveillance. Radical surgery is indicated in malignant forms or for local recurrence of benign tumors.