Digital domain dynamic path accumulation method to compensate for image vibration distortion for CMOS-time-delay-integration image sensor

A digital domain dynamic path accumulation method for a time-delay-integration (TDI) image sensor that can realize on-chip compensation for image distortion caused by sensor vibration is proposed. Through the proposed method, the exposure signals are controlled to enter the corresponding accumulator according to the vibration vector, ensuring the synchronous accumulation of different stages of pixels on the same object. The behavior level model of the method is established. The structural similarity (SSIM) between images without distortion, distorted images, and images compensated for by the proposed method is simulated and analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the method. Compared with conventional TDI, the SSIM between images with and without vibration is improved from 0.2322 to 0.9858, as the vibration level is 1 pixel per stage. With fixed TDI stages and the vibration level varying from 0 to 2 pixels per stage, the SSIM of conventional TDI drops rapidly to about 0.2 while that of the dynamic path accumulation method maintains at about 0.95. The proposed method is suitable for an antivibration CMOS-TDI image sensor of remote imaging systems.