Electrochemical determination of amlodipine using a CuO-NiO nanocomposite/ionic liquid modified carbon paste electrode as an electrochemical sensor

In this paper, a nanocomposite of CuO-NiO was synthesized by sol-gel method. Its structure and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques. The FESEM image showed particles with the size at about 30–80 nm in diameters. In continue, a carbon paste (CP) modified electrode with CuO-NiO nanocomposite and an ionic liquid ((1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM-PF6)) (CuO-NiO/IL/CPE) was fabricated as an electrochemical sensor for determination of amlodipine (AML). The cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and chronoamperometry were used for electrochemical studies and AML determination. The CuO-NiO/IL/CPE indicated a good electrocatalytic behavior towards to oxidation of AML. The anodic peak currents were increased with the AML concentration and indicated a linear dynamic range from 0.1 to 100 μM and a detection limit of 0.06 μM (S/N = 5) under the optimized conditions. The introduced electrochemical sensor was utilized for the determination of AML in the pharmaceutical formulations, human urine, and blood plasma samples.