Tittel: Climate regulation of ships Title: Climate regulation of ships

This report gives an overview of five possible regulation schemes for carbon dioxide emissions from international shipping. The strengths and weaknesses of the schemes are compared with regard to nine criteria. The two main categories are standard-based and market-based regulation. Standard-based regulation may have a higher acceptability than market-based regulation, but at a cost of a weaker incentive effect to reduce emissions than in the case of market-based regulation.