Reasons for medication non-initiation: A qualitative exploration of the patients’ perspective

Abstract Background Non-initiation occurs when the doctor prescribes a new pharmacological treatment to a patient who does not fill the prescription. Non-initiation prevalence estimates range between 6% and 28% in Primary Care (PC) and it is associated with poorer clinical outcomes, more sick-leave days and higher costs. To date, the reasons for non-initiation have not been explored using a qualitative framework. Objective The aim of the present study was to identify reasons for medication non-initiation among PC patients with distinct treatment profiles (acute, chronic symptomatic and asymptomatic, and mental disorders). Methods An exploratory, explanatory qualitative study based on Grounded Theory. We conducted individual semi-structured interviews with 30 PC patients. A constant comparative method of analysis was performed. Results The results were similar for all therapeutic groups. The decision to initiate treatment is multifactorial. Users make a risk-benefit assessment which is influenced by their beliefs about the pathology and the medication, their emotional reaction, health literacy and cultural factors. The patients’ context and relationship with the health system influence decision-making. Conclusions The decision to initiate a treatment is strongly influenced by factors that health professionals can discuss with patients. Health professionals should explore patients’ beliefs about benefits and risks to help them make informed decisions and promote shared decision-making. General practitioners should ensure that patients understand the benefits and risks of disease and treatment, while explaining alternative treatments, encouraging patients to ask questions and supporting their treatment decisions.