Fever of Unknown Origin in Africa: The Causes Are Often Determined! Fièvre d'origine indéterminée en Afrique: Les causes sont souvent identifiées

Introduction: In Africa, the presumptive diagnosis of malaria leads to the misdiagnosis and under diagnosis of many other infectious diseases. Certain etiologies of fever of unknown origin (FUO) have a significant prevalence in this continent but are seldom the focus of practitioners or are impossible to diagnose because of a lack of resources. Methods: In this literature review, we focus on the causes of FUO that are not usually examined by practitioners in Africa, outside of Maghreb. Data were obtained from publications identified by PubMed searches. Results: Among the FUO etiologies reported in the literature, we were interested by rickettsiosis, borreliosis, Q fever, leptospirosis, dengue, chikungunya, and the Zika virus. Conclusion: These listed diseases should be part of etiologies that are systematically searched for in the African continent.