Identification of Fusarium Species Responsible to Cause Wheat Head Blight in Southwestern Ethiopia
2020
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by several Fusarium species is a dangerous disease of wheat and small cereals
particularly in humid and sub-humid areas throughout the
world. Losses due to FHB disease includes both grain yield
and quality (that affect human and animal health). This
investigation was aimed to identify FHB pathogens that
cause blighted spikes in wheat across southwestern
Ethiopia. A total of 269 single conidial isolates of Fusarium spp. were recovered from 52 FHB samples collected across
southwestern Ethiopia. Based on their colony, macroscopic
and microscopic features, all the isolates were identified
into 9 species within the genus Fusarium. Among them, F.
graminearum (29.39%) and F. culmorum (26.41%) were the
dominant species followed by F. avenaceum (10.4%), F. poae
(7.4%), F. ussurianum (6.7%), F. semitectum (6.3%), F.
lateritium (6.0%), F. sambucinum (6.0%) and F.
heterosporum (1.9%) in southwestern Ethiopia. The
pathogenicity test revealed that all the 9 identified Fusarium species were caused typical FHB symptoms on spikes of a
susceptible Danda’a wheat variety. Based on their AUDPC
and spikelet infection severity, F. avenaceum, F. poae, F.
lateritium, F. culmorum, F. sambucinum, F. heterosporum,
and F. graminearum were more aggressive ones that
produced higher AUDPC ranging from 546.8 to 1067.2 and
higher spikelet infection severity ranging from 57.8% to
100%.
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