Peripheral CD19+ B-cell counts and infusion intervals as a surrogate for long-term B-cell depleting therapy in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica/neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

Background With ocrelizumab another drug is available for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Little is known on the long-term use of ocrelizumab on immune cell subsets, and no surrogate markers are available. Rituximab (RTX) has been in off-label use for the treatment of MS, neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) for > 10 years.