Lateralizing the affected side of hippocampal sclerosis with quantitative high angular resolution diffusion scalars: a preliminary approach validated by diffusion spectrum imaging.

Background Conflicts in regarding the lateralization of the seizure onset for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) are frequently encountered during presurgical evaluation. As a more elaborate, quantified protocol, indices of diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) might be sensitive to evaluate the seizure involvement. However, the accuracy was less revealed. Herein, we determined the lateralizing value of the DSI indices among MTLE patients. Methods Eleven MTLE patients were enrolled together with 11 matched health contrasts. All the participants underwent a DSI scan and with reconstruction of the diffusion scalar, including quantitative anisotropy (QA), isotropic (ISO), and track density imaging (TDI) values. Statistics of these indices were applied to identify the differences between the healthy and ipsilateral sides, and those between the patients and the controls, with special attention to areas of the crura of fornix (FORX), the parahippocampal radiation of the cingulum (PHCR), the hippocampus (HP), parahippocampus (PHC), amygdala (AM) and entorhinal cortex (EC). Results Regarding lateralization, TDI of the FORX and the PHCR reached an AUC value of 0.95 and 0.93, respectively (P<0.05), and QA, ISO, TDI of the PHCR, as well as TDI of the FORX were statistically significant amongst the laterals of the patients (P<0.05). Also, the QA of the PHCR were statistically different in the patients' ipsilateral side relative to the contrasts (P<0.017). The diffusion level on different grey matter structures were significantly decreased including HP, AM and EC in GQI space (P<0.017). Conclusions The quantitative diffusion scalars of the DSI, especially TDI of the FORX and the PHCR, are sensitive indices to define the ipsilateral side for MTLE patients. For preliminary exploration, the use of quantitative DSI scalars may help to improve the seizure outcome by increasing the accuracy of localization and lateralization for MTLE.