Numerical modelling of bolted steel connections

Numerical modelling of bolted steel connections is described by using the finite element method to establish the moment and rotation characteristics of connections. The numerical model is calibrated against experimental results from full scale testing of bolted end-plate connections. Initially a simplified tee-stub connection is considered to allow modelling techniques to be established for use in further investigations. Results from the tee-stub analysis are applied directly to the three-dimensional modelling of a steel beam-column connection. Material non-linearity has been considered for structural steel members and connecting components. The interface between the endplate and column flange is modelled using special contact elements allowing the nature of the prying forces to be considered. The bolts are represented with a group of elements reflecting the characteristics of real bolt behaviour in an efficient manner. Shell elements are used to model an extended endplate connection demonstrating accurate moment-rotation relationships. The verified model is used to check the moment capacity predictions of EC3 and the yield line patterns of the column flange and endplate.