Residual thermal stress-induced integrated optical waveguides on Bi12GeO20 substrate

The formation of an optical waveguide based on residual thermal stress in bismuth germanate (BGO) substrate, the Pockels electro-optic effect and the modal optical analyses were investigated for optical modulation purpose. A full vector finite element based program was used to perform the analyses. The optical propagation characteristics of stress-induced waveguides and main electro-optic parameters were evaluated considering different geometrical designs.