Periodic and disordered nanophotonic front electrodes for perovskite-based tandem photovoltaics

Wide-bandgap the organo-metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are key for high performance perovskite-based tandem photovoltaics. One key aspect limiting the overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) in the 4-terminal tandem architecture is the imperfect transmission of the incident light below the bandgap of top PSCs. Here, we present periodic and disordered nanostructured ITO electrodes as new strategies to reduce reflection losses and transmission of PSCs. Using the nanostructured ITO, the short-circuit current-density is improved compared to planar references and as a result, an increase in the overall PCE of the solar cells is achieved.